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Northeast Coast Campaign (1723)
The Northeast Coast Campaign (1723) occurred during Father Rale's War from April 19, 1723 – January 28, 1724. In response to the previous year, in which New England attacked the Wabanaki Confederacy at Norridgewock and Penobscot, the Wabanaki Confederacy retaliated by attacking the coast of present-day Maine that was below the Kennebec River, the border of Acadia. They attacked English settlements on the coast of present-day Maine between Berwick and Mount Desert Island.
Casco (also known as Falmouth and Portland) was the principal settlement. The 1723 campaign was so successful along the Maine frontier that Dummer ordered its evacuation to the blockhouses in the spring of 1724.〔Grenier. 2003. p. 49〕
== Historical context ==
The war occurred as a result of an expansion of New England settlements along the Kennebec River (in present-day Maine) and of the movement of more New England fishermen into Nova Scotia waters. The border between Acadia and New England, which New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine.〔William Williamson. ''The history of the state of Maine''. Vol. 2. 1832. p. 27; Griffiths, E. From Migrant to Acadian. McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005. p.61; Campbell, Gary. The Road to Canada: The Grand Communications Route from Saint John to Quebec. Goose Lane Editions and The New Brunswick Heritage Military Project. 2005. p. 21.〕 The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, which ended Queen Anne's War and included the cession of peninsular Nova Scotia to Great Britain, had facilitated this expansion. The treaty, however, had been signed in Europe and had not involved any member of the Wabanaki tribes. None had been consulted about the expansion of British settlements, and they protested through raids on British fishermen and settlements.〔William Wicken. "Mi'kmaq Decisions: Antoine Tecouenemac, the Conquest, and the Treaty of Utrecht". In John Reid et al (eds). ''The Conquest of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial and Aboriginal Constructions.'' University of Toronto Press. 2004. p. 96.〕 In response to Wabanaki hostilities toward the expansion, the governor of Massachusetts Governor Samuel Shute built forts on traditional Abenaki territory around the mouth of the Kennebec River: Fort George at Brunswick (1715),〔Fort George replaced Fort Andros which was built during King William's War (1688).〕 St. George's Fort at Thomaston (1720), and Fort Richmond (1721) at Richmond.〔''The history of the state of Maine: from its first discovery, A.D ..., Volume 2'', by William Durkee Williamson. 1832. p.88, 97.〕 The French claimed the same territory by building a church in the Abenaki village of Norridgewock (present-day Madison, Maine) on the Kennebec River, maintaining a mission at Penobscot on the Penobscot River, and building a church in the Maliseet village of Medoctec on the St. John River.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic National Historic Site of Canada )〕〔John Grenier, ''The Far Reaches of Empire''. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, p. 51, p. 54.〕 These fortifications and Catholic missions escalated the conflict.
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